I have seen no talk of planetary resource regeneration, yet.
To take a quick look at some other games with similar gameplay elements:
Space Engineers has infinite asteroids, and its planet deposits are far richer than Dual Universe's.
Eve Online's asteroids respawn every day.
Empyrion has meteorites that fall on a planet if all deposits of a type are mined.
No Man's Sky has basically infinite resources even on a single planet.
Factorio has a basically infini